Summary
This systematic review examines engineered biochar—biochar modified through physical, chemical, or biological methods—as a green remediation material for contaminated soil and aquatic systems. The authors synthesise evidence on how targeted modifications enhance biochar's pollutant-binding properties and detail the mechanisms by which engineered biochar remediates diverse organic and inorganic contaminants. The review identifies scientific opportunities and outlines research needs for advancing biochar-based decontamination as a cost-effective technology for environmental restoration.
UK applicability
The findings are relevant to UK environmental remediation policy and practice, particularly for addressing legacy industrial contamination and diffuse pollution in soils and water bodies. Application would depend on local sourcing of biochar feedstocks and integration with existing remediation frameworks and regulatory standards.
Key measures
Contaminant removal efficiency; biochar physicochemical properties; binding mechanisms for organic and inorganic pollutants; effectiveness across diverse pollutant types
Outcomes reported
The review synthesised evidence on engineered biochar modifications (physical, chemical, and biological methods) and their effectiveness in remediating organic and inorganic pollutants in soil and aquatic systems. The authors identified mechanisms of contaminant binding and removal, and outlined research gaps and future priorities for biochar-based decontamination.
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