Summary
This narrative review examines the conversion of municipal solid waste, agricultural residues, food waste, and industrial by-products into valuable green chemicals and biofertilisers through circular bioeconomy approaches. The authors synthesise emerging valorisation technologies—including microwave extraction, enzyme immobilisation, bioreactor systems, and vermicomposting—and discuss their applications for energy production, biofertiliser synthesis, and textile industry use. The paper positions sustainable waste valorisation as a circular economy solution that simultaneously addresses ecosystem degradation whilst creating bioeconomic market value.
UK applicability
The review's emphasis on municipal solid waste and agricultural residue valorisation is relevant to UK waste management policy and circular economy ambitions. UK-specific applicability would depend on technology adoption barriers, regulatory frameworks for biofertiliser products, and comparative economics against incumbent waste disposal routes.
Key measures
Technologies reviewed include microwave-based extraction, enzyme immobilisation-based removal, bioreactor-based removal, and vermicomposting; applications assessed across energy, biofertiliser, and textile sectors; bioeconomic market value potential
Outcomes reported
The review synthesises technologies and approaches for converting diverse waste streams (municipal solid waste, agricultural residues, food waste, industrial by-products) into valuable green chemicals and biofertilisers. It examines applications across energy production, biofertiliser synthesis, and textile industries within circular bioeconomy frameworks.
Topic tags
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