Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 4 — Narrative / commentaryPeer-reviewed

Inherent suboptimality of monocultural crop breeding

John Vandermeer, Ivette Perfecto

Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems · 2025

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Summary

Vandermeer and Perfecto present a theoretical argument that contemporary crop breeding, conducted predominantly in monocultures, produces varieties poorly optimised for intercropping systems widely used by smallholder and traditional farmers. Drawing on fundamental ecological and evolutionary theory, they demonstrate that selection pressures in monoculture breeding favour reduced inter-species competition—traits that prove suboptimal when crops are grown in polyculture association. This work identifies a systemic mismatch between dominant breeding platforms and the actual farming systems employed by a substantial global farming population.

UK applicability

The findings are pertinent to UK agroecology and regenerative farming discourse, particularly where intercropping and diversified systems are promoted as resilience and sustainability measures. However, the UK's industrial agriculture infrastructure and breeding platforms are heavily monoculture-optimised; redirecting germplasm development toward polyculture-adapted varieties would require institutional and policy shifts.

Key measures

Ecological and evolutionary theory applied to breeding platform efficacy; competitive trait evolution in monoculture versus polyculture contexts

Outcomes reported

The paper theoretically demonstrates that exclusive monoculture-based crop breeding leads to inherent sub-optimality in environmental utilisation of cropping systems. The authors argue this mismatch disadvantages smallholder and traditional farmers who employ intercropping practices.

Theme
Farming systems, soils & land use
Subject
Agroforestry & intercropping
Study type
Commentary
Study design
Narrative review
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Global
System type
Mixed farming
DOI
10.1080/21683565.2025.2475459
Catalogue ID
SNmov0gqm4-c5o9po

Topic tags

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