Summary
This controlled experimental study examined how the application method and rate of biosolids affects soil quality parameters and the mobility of contaminants. Incorporation of biosolids increased exchangeable trace elements (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd) compared with surface application, whilst surface application increased inorganic nitrogen but decreased soil pH and microbial activity. Root presence significantly enhanced biological activity and nutrient availability whilst reducing exchangeable Mn and Fe concentrations.
UK applicability
The findings are relevant to UK agricultural and environmental practice, as biosolids application is a common soil amendment strategy in the United Kingdom. The results suggest that incorporation method substantially influences both nutrient availability and the risk of trace element mobility, which has implications for UK guidance on sustainable biosolids management and soil protection regulations.
Key measures
Soil fertility (inorganic N, exchangeable P, Mg, Ca, K); exchangeable trace and non-essential elements (Al, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni); soil pH; dehydrogenase activity (biological activity); pore water chemistry; rhizosphere properties
Outcomes reported
The study compared soil quality indicators (fertility, trace element mobility, biological activity) and contaminant behaviour under three biosolids application strategies (surface application, incorporation to 25 cm depth, and patch incorporation) at three application rates. Results showed differential effects on nutrient availability, soil pH, microbial activity, and exchangeable trace element concentrations depending on application method.
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