Summary
Abstract Background Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major constraint to agricultural productivity in African smallholder farms, where nutrient-poor soils and limited access to fertilizers prevail. Sustainable solutions, including the utilization of microbial processes, are essential for overcoming this challenge. Method This review synthesizes field evidence on microbial strategies to address P deficiency, focusing on microbial inoculants as well as on soil management practices that enhance natural microbiomes. Results While the reviewed field studies offer valuable insights into agronomic practices that influence microbial activity and community composition, quantifying the specific contribution of microbial processes to plant P nutrition remains a challenge. Evidence suggests that the tur
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