Summary
This 2025 review examines per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as emerging environmental contaminants with implications for food systems and human health. The authors synthesise current knowledge on PFAS sources, environmental fate, potential health effects, and available remediation strategies, including destructive technologies and cost-effectiveness analyses. The work contextualises PFAS management within broader policy and governance frameworks, as suggested by the comprehensive scope spanning sources through to techno-economic analysis and policy guidelines.
UK applicability
Given the widespread use of PFAS in UK food production inputs and food packaging, and regulatory focus through the Environment Agency and Food Standards Authority, this review's synthesis of remediation technologies and policy approaches is directly relevant to UK environmental and food safety governance. Findings may inform forthcoming UK restrictions on PFAS in food contact materials and agricultural applications.
Key measures
PFAS occurrence in environmental media and food systems; effectiveness of remediation and destruction technologies; cost-benefit analysis of treatment options; policy and management recommendations
Outcomes reported
The study synthesises evidence on sources, environmental distribution, and potential health impacts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), alongside remediation technologies and policy frameworks. It provides techno-economic analysis of treatment and destruction approaches.
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