Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

From soil carbon towards system sustainability: Integrating SOC modelling and life cycle assessment to evaluate environmental trade-offs in carbon farming

Stefano Spotorno, Anne Gobin, D. Vázquez, Erica Gagliano, Adriana Del Borghi, Michela Gallo

Farming System · 2025

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Summary

This study integrates soil carbon dynamic modelling (RothC) with life cycle assessment to evaluate the full environmental profile of three carbon farming practices on arable land in Northern Italy. Whilst farmyard manure application achieved the highest carbon sequestration (4.89 t C ha⁻¹ over 20 years), it substantially increased acidification, eutrophication and ozone formation impacts compared to conventional agriculture. Cover crops and reduced tillage offered more balanced environmental profiles with moderate carbon benefits and reduced trade-offs, suggesting that comprehensive system-level assessment is essential to avoid optimising solely for carbon sequestration whilst exacerbating other environmental impacts.

UK applicability

The findings are relevant to UK arable systems, particularly regarding the application of manure-based carbon farming practices and their unintended environmental consequences. However, results are specific to Northern Italian soil and climate conditions, and UK farms should commission context-specific LCA assessments before adopting these practices, especially given potential differences in soil type, rainfall and baseline management intensity.

Key measures

SOC sequestration (t C ha⁻¹ over 20 years and t CO₂ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹); GHG emissions; acidification potential; marine eutrophication; terrestrial eutrophication; photochemical ozone formation

Outcomes reported

The study quantified soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation and comprehensive environmental impacts (GHG emissions, acidification, eutrophication, ozone formation) across three carbon farming practices on arable land in Northern Italy using RothC modelling and life cycle assessment.

Theme
Climate & resilience
Subject
Soil carbon & organic matter
Study type
Research
Study design
Field trial with modelling
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Italy
System type
Other
DOI
10.1016/j.farsys.2025.100195
Catalogue ID
SNmp4zkjo1-teg13t

Topic tags

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