Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 4 — Narrative / commentaryPeer-reviewed

Current impacts of elevated CO₂ on crop nutritional quality: a review

Ekele JU, et al

Stress Biol · 2025.0

Read source ↗ All evidence

Summary

This review, published in Stress Biology in 2025, synthesises current evidence on how elevated atmospheric CO₂ affects the nutritional quality of food crops, with particular attention to reductions in protein and key micronutrients such as iron and zinc — a phenomenon often attributed to carbohydrate dilution under CO₂ enrichment. The authors likely draw on FACE (Free-Air CO₂ Enrichment) studies and controlled environment research to characterise these effects across major staple crops. The paper contextualises these findings within broader concerns about food and nutrition security under climate change projections.

UK applicability

Although the review is global in scope, the findings are directly applicable to UK agricultural policy and food security planning, given that UK staple crops such as wheat and barley are among those most documented as showing nutritional decline under elevated CO₂. UK policymakers and plant breeders may need to account for CO₂-driven nutrient dilution when setting dietary and agronomic targets.

Key measures

Crop protein content (%); mineral micronutrient concentrations (e.g. iron, zinc, mg/kg); carbohydrate and starch content; nitrogen use efficiency

Outcomes reported

The review examines how rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations affect the nutritional composition of key food crops, including changes in protein, mineral micronutrients, and carbohydrate content. It likely synthesises evidence on the 'CO₂ dilution effect' and its implications for human dietary quality.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Crop nutritional quality & climate change
Study type
Narrative Review
Study design
Narrative review
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Global
System type
Arable cereals
DOI
10.1007/s44154-025-00217-w
Catalogue ID
WP0061

Topic tags

Pulse AI · ask about this record

Dig deeper with Pulse AI.

Pulse AI has read the whole catalogue. Ask about this record, its theme, or how the findings apply to UK farming and policy — every answer cites the underlying studies.