Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on grain quality of wheat

Högy, P. and Fangmeier, A.

2008

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Summary

This paper by Högy and Fangmeier, published in the Journal of Cereal Science, reviews and synthesises evidence on how elevated atmospheric CO₂ affects the compositional quality of wheat grain, drawing likely on free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) experimental data. The study suggests that while elevated CO₂ may stimulate yield, it is associated with dilution effects on grain protein, essential minerals, and micronutrients — a pattern sometimes termed the 'nutritional penalty' of CO₂ enrichment. These findings have significant implications for the nutritional value of wheat as a staple crop under future climate scenarios.

UK applicability

The findings are broadly applicable to UK arable systems, where wheat is a dominant staple crop and where future CO₂ concentrations will similarly affect grain composition; UK policymakers and plant breeders may need to account for CO₂-driven declines in grain protein and micronutrient density when planning for food security and nutritional outcomes.

Key measures

Grain protein content (%); starch content (%); mineral concentrations (mg/kg); amino acid composition; yield components

Outcomes reported

The study examined changes in wheat grain quality parameters — including protein, starch, mineral, and amino acid concentrations — under elevated CO₂ conditions. It likely reported reductions in protein and mineral content alongside increases in starch, with implications for nutritional quality and end-use suitability.

Theme
Climate & resilience
Subject
Crop quality & climate change
Study type
Narrative Review
Study design
Field trial
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Europe
System type
Arable cereals
Catalogue ID
XL0447

Topic tags

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