Summary
This mixed-methods study investigated perceived reasons underlying negative emotional responses to bullying victimisation, comparing traditional and cyberbullying forms. Using focus groups with 19 pupils followed by a survey of 499 pupils aged 12–16 years, researchers identified seven key reasons and examined how their relevance varied by bullying type, age, and gender. The findings suggest that coping and support interventions should be tailored to address the specific psychological mechanisms underlying different bullying forms.
UK applicability
This Swedish research on adolescent bullying perception is broadly applicable to UK school contexts, where similar age groups and bullying forms occur; however, findings may reflect Swedish cultural and educational contexts and would benefit from UK-specific validation to inform school-based prevention and intervention strategies.
Key measures
Perceived reasons for negative feelings; relevance ratings across four bullying types (direct traditional, indirect traditional, cyberbullying public, cyberbullying private); stratification by age and gender
Outcomes reported
The study identified seven perceived reasons for negative emotional experiences in bullying victims (Publicity, Threat, Lack of effective coping strategies, Lack of social support, Persistence, No escape, and Anonymity) and examined their relevance across four bullying types. Relevance of these reasons differed by age, gender, and form of bullying.
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