Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Organic and conservation agriculture promote ecosystem multifunctionality

Raphaël Wittwer, S. Franz Bender, Kyle Hartman, Sofia Hydbom, Ruy A. A. Lima, Viviana Loaiza, Thomas Nemecek, Fritz Oehl, Pål Axel Olsson, Owen L. Petchey, Ulrich E. Prechsl, Klaus Schlaeppi, Thomas Scholten, Steffen Seitz, Johan Six, Marcel G. A. van der Heijden

Science Advances · 2021

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Summary

This long-term comparative field experiment quantified agroecosystem multifunctionality across Europe's three most widespread arable cropping systems. Organic and conservation agriculture substantially enhanced regulating and supporting ecosystem services—including biodiversity, soil and water quality, and climate mitigation—whilst conventional agriculture delivered highest yields but reduced overall multifunctionality. The findings illustrate a fundamental trade-off between productivity and environmental protection in current agroecosystem management paradigms.

UK applicability

The findings are directly applicable to UK arable farming, as the experiment evaluated cropping systems prevalent across European temperate agriculture. The results inform UK policy discussions on balancing productivity targets with environmental stewardship, particularly under post-Brexit agricultural subsidy reform and net-zero commitments.

Key measures

43 agroecosystem properties including biodiversity, soil and water quality, climate mitigation potential, crop yield, and economic performance

Outcomes reported

The study measured and compared 43 agroecosystem properties across three cropping systems to quantify overall agroecosystem multifunctionality, including agronomic yield, economic performance, and ecological services. Results demonstrated that organic and conservation agriculture enhanced ecosystem multifunctionality through regulating and supporting services, whilst conventional agriculture maximised yield at the expense of environmental performance.

Theme
Farming systems, soils & land use
Subject
Arable cropping systems
Study type
Research
Study design
Field trial
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Europe
System type
Arable cereals
DOI
10.1126/sciadv.abg6995
Catalogue ID
BFmor3gc43-wy9q9s

Topic tags

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