Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Oncoidal granular iron formation in the Mesoarchaean Pongola Supergroup, southern Africa: Textural and geochemical evidence for biological activity during iron deposition

Albertus J.B. Smith, Nicolas J. Beukes, Jens Gutzmer, Andrew D. Czaja, Clark M. Johnson, Noah Nhleko

Geobiology · 2017

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Summary

This study presents the first documented granular iron formation (GIF) of Archaean age and provides textural and geochemical evidence that it formed through microbial iron oxidation in shallow marine environments. The GIF exhibits distinctive oncoidal structures with laminated domal magnetite rims around chert cores, with positive δ⁵⁶Fe values consistent with incomplete oxidation of hydrothermal Fe²⁺ by iron-oxidizing bacteria. The distinct Fe isotope signatures between the shallow oncoidal GIF and deeper-water interbedded iron formations indicate different Fe²⁺ sources and biogeochemical pathways, providing insight into early Earth ocean chemistry and microbial metabolic activity.

UK applicability

This research is palaeontological and geochemical in nature, addressing early Earth geobiology rather than contemporary farming systems or soil health. It has no direct applicability to UK agricultural practice or policy.

Key measures

Iron isotope compositions (δ⁵⁶Fe values), mineralogical texture analysis, trace element contents (Al, silica, Fe), petrographic and geochemical characterisation of oncoid structures

Outcomes reported

The study documented textural and geochemical evidence of microbial iron oxidation in Archaean-age granular iron formations from the Pongola Supergroup. Iron isotope compositions and domal laminated textures in oncoidal magnetite rims suggest incomplete oxidation of hydrothermal Fe²⁺ by iron-oxidizing bacteria in shallow, wave-base environments.

Theme
General food systems / other
Subject
Other / interdisciplinary
Study type
Research
Study design
Laboratory / field study with geochemical analysis
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
South Africa
System type
Other
DOI
10.1111/gbi.12248
Catalogue ID
BFmor3gfpg-0j2ean

Topic tags

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