Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Protective and pathogenic antibody responses from a primate <i>Shigella</i> outbreak inform vaccine design

Robert M. Gallant, Paul Savarino, Sophia Pulido, Morgan S. A. Gilman, Ti Lu, Jennifer M. Hayes, Nicholas L. Xerri, Tyrone Williams, Marîa Teresa Ochoa, Zackary K. Dietz, Eric Peterson, Timothy A. Scott, Faye A. Hartmann, Stephen Baker, Robert W. Kaminski, Devin Sok, Andrew C. Kruse, Wendy L. Picking, Saverio Capuano, Hayden R. Schmidt

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · 2025

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Summary

This laboratory-based study characterised protective and pathogenic antibody responses from a Shigella flexneri outbreak in non-human primates to inform vaccine development. Key findings include significant affinity maturation of O-antigen-targeting antibodies with cross-serotype reactivity, and a counterintuitive discovery that antibodies against type III secretion system proteins can either inhibit or enhance virulence depending on their epitope specificity. These mechanistic insights provide evidence-based guidance for rational immunogen selection in Shigella vaccine design.

UK applicability

Shigella epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns differ between the United Kingdom and the source population (non-human primates in a US facility); however, the structural and immunological mechanisms identified may be broadly applicable to vaccine development efforts globally, including UK-relevant vaccine research programmes.

Key measures

Monoclonal antibody affinity maturation (>10% cross-reactivity gain); T cell and antibody response magnitude to T3SS proteins (IpaD, IpaB); bacterial virulence inhibition or enhancement in vitro and in vivo depending on epitope specificity

Outcomes reported

The study isolated and characterised monoclonal antibodies against Shigella candidate vaccine antigens from an outbreak in a non-human primate research facility, examining their protective or pathogenic potential. It measured antibody affinity maturation, cross-reactivity across serotypes, and the ability of antibodies targeting T3SS proteins to either inhibit or enhance bacterial virulence in vitro and in vivo.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Antimicrobial resistance
Study type
Research
Study design
Laboratory study with in vitro and in vivo mechanistic analysis
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Preprint
Geography
United States
System type
Laboratory / in vitro
DOI
10.64898/2025.12.16.694763
Catalogue ID
BFmou2m3wf-pmu8bp

Topic tags

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