Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 1 — Meta-analysis / systematic reviewPeer-reviewed

Global soil pollution by toxic metals threatens agriculture and human health

Deyi Hou, Xiyue Jia, Liuwei Wang, S. P. McGrath, Yong‐Guan Zhu, Qing Hu, Fang‐Jie Zhao, Michael S. Bank, David O’Connor, Jerome O. Nriagu

Science · 2025

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Summary

This global meta-analysis synthesised soil pollution data from 1493 regional studies across 796,084 sampling points to map the distribution of seven toxic metals and identify areas where concentrations exceed agricultural and human health safety thresholds. The authors identified a previously unrecognised metal-enriched zone in low-latitude Eurasia and estimate that 14–17% of global cropland and 0.9–1.4 billion people are affected by toxic metal pollution, representing a significant agricultural and public health concern in the Anthropocene era.

UK applicability

The study provides a global framework for understanding soil metal pollution risk; UK-specific findings are not separately highlighted in the abstract, though temperate European soils may have lower risk profiles than the identified low-latitude Eurasian zone. UK farmers and policymakers may use these global thresholds and mapping methodologies to contextualise domestic soil testing and regulatory standards.

Key measures

Percentage of global cropland affected by toxic metal pollution (14–17%); number of people living in regions of heightened public health and ecological risk (0.9–1.4 billion); spatial distribution maps of metal-enriched zones; exceedance of agricultural and human health thresholds by metal type

Outcomes reported

The study mapped global soil pollution by seven toxic metals (arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel, and lead) across 796,084 sampling points and identified areas exceeding agricultural and human health thresholds. It quantified the proportion of cropland affected by toxic metal pollution and estimated the population living in heightened public health and ecological risk zones.

Theme
Farming systems, soils & land use
Subject
Pesticides, contaminants & food safety
Study type
Meta-analysis
Study design
Meta-analysis
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Global
System type
Arable cereals
DOI
10.1126/science.adr5214
Catalogue ID
BFmovi1txm-hwshcc

Topic tags

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