Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

<i>Coxiella burnetii</i> seroconversion in neonatal calves in an infected dairy herd attributable to ingestion of imported colostrum replacer rather than vertical transmission

Ana Rabaza, Matías A. Dorsch, Mark C. Eisler, Caroline da Silva Silveira, Melissa Macías-Rioseco, Virginia Aráoz, Anderson Saravia, D. Caffarena, Camila Ferrando, Alejandro Mendoza, Martín Fraga, Leticia Zarantonelli, Federico Giannitti

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation · 2026

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Summary

This investigation of a C. burnetii abortion cluster in a Uruguayan dairy herd found that whilst 22.5% of cows were seropositive at parturition, all calves tested at birth were seronegative, suggesting congenital transmission is not a significant route. Notably, 95% of seronegative newborn calves seroconverted within 24 hours of drinking an imported commercial colostrum replacer, indicating that such products may be a source of C. burnetii exposure and a potential confounder in seroepidemiological surveys of dairy herds.

UK applicability

These findings are relevant to UK dairy practice where colostrum replacers are commonly used. The identification of colostrum replacer as a potential source of C. burnetii exposure warrants consideration in UK herd health protocols and serological surveillance programmes, particularly given the zoonotic risk to farm workers and the requirement to manage Q fever in livestock.

Key measures

Anti-C. burnetii IgG serology (ELISA) in 266 serum samples from 133 cows and their calves; C. burnetii DNA detection (PCR) in 179 blood samples; seroconversion rates in calves following colostrum replacer ingestion

Outcomes reported

The study investigated C. burnetii seroprevalence and PCR positivity in a dairy herd experiencing abortion, and determined whether seronegative newborn calves seroconverted following ingestion of imported colostrum replacer. Findings suggest congenital transmission is not a significant route of infection in live-born calves, but commercial colostrum replacer may be a source of seroconversion.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Animal health & welfare
Study type
Research
Study design
Observational cohort
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Uruguay
System type
Dairy
DOI
10.1177/10406387261426475
Catalogue ID
MGmowsiaf5-i2tqi5

Topic tags

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