Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Novel insights into how gestational diet affects maternal-infant microbiota: a cross-sectional causal mediation analysis at one month postpartum

Eduard Flores Ventura, Sergio Ruiz-Saavedra, Raúl Cabrera-Rubio, Cecilia Martinez-Costa, Sonia González, Maria Carmen Collado

European Journal of Nutrition · 2026

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Summary

This cross-sectional analysis of 104 mother–infant pairs from the MAMI cohort demonstrates that maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy influence infant gut microbiota composition via both direct and microbiota-mediated mechanisms. A Mediterranean-style pregnancy diet was associated with greater infant gut diversity and lower Veillonella abundance, whereas pro-inflammatory dietary patterns showed the opposite effect; maternal Coprococcus emerged as the strongest microbial mediator of these associations. These findings support the hypothesis that maternal nutrition programmes early-life microbial development through changes in maternal microbiota composition that are subsequently transmitted to the infant.

UK applicability

The findings are relevant to UK maternal and infant health policy, as they underscore the importance of promoting Mediterranean-style dietary patterns during pregnancy for optimal early-life microbiota development. However, the study is Spanish and conducted in a specific cohort; UK-specific validation and examination of how findings apply to diverse dietary and ethnic backgrounds within the UK population would strengthen clinical translation.

Key measures

Modified Mediterranean Dietary Score (MMDS), Dietary Quality Index (DQI), Healthy Eating Index (HEI), Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII); infant Veillonella relative abundance; maternal Coprococcus abundance; Shannon and Simpson diversity indices; mediation effect sizes (a × b)

Outcomes reported

The study examined associations between maternal dietary quality indices (MMDS, DQI, HEI, DII) during pregnancy and infant gut microbiota composition at one month postpartum, including the mediating role of maternal microbial taxa. Infant faecal samples were analysed via 16S rRNA sequencing, and causal mediation analysis was used to identify direct and microbiota-mediated pathways linking maternal nutrition to early microbial programming.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Maternal, infant & child nutrition
Study type
Research
Study design
Observational cohort
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Spain
System type
Human clinical
DOI
10.1007/s00394-026-03909-9
Catalogue ID
SNmoh0dxuz-cavyc3

Topic tags

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