Summary
Objective This study aimed to explore the potential causal link between three specific types of occupational exposure on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Method A Two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis, comprising univariate MR (UVMR) and multivariate MR (MVMR) analyses, was performed to investigate the potential causal association between three types of occupational exposures, jobs involving mainly walking or standing (JWS), jobs involving heavy manual or physical work (JMP), and jobs involving shift work(JSW) on RA and AS. Genetic variants for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of occupational exposure and AS were obtained from the UK Biobank. GWAS summary data for RA were obtained from FinnGen Biobank analysis. For UVMR, six methods of Inverse V
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