Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Genetic ancestry effects on the response to viral infection are pervasive but cell type specific

Haley E. Randolph, Jessica K. Fiege, Beth K Thielen, Clayton K. Mickelson, Mari Shiratori, João Barroso-Batista, Ryan A. Langlois, Luis B. Barreiro

Science · 2021

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Summary

This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to examine how genetic ancestry shapes immune responses to influenza infection in vitro. The researchers found that infection-induced gene expression signatures diverged in a cell-type-specific manner correlated with ancestry, driven by differences in gene regulation and transcriptional/translational processes. The ancestry-associated genes identified were enriched among loci associated with COVID-19 disease severity, suggesting that early immune response variation contributes to ancestry-related differences in viral infection outcomes.

UK applicability

These findings on ancestry-specific immune response patterns have potential relevance to understanding variable COVID-19 and influenza outcomes across UK populations, though findings are from in vitro laboratory work and would require validation in clinical populations. The results may inform personalised medicine approaches and public health communication about infectious disease risk, though application requires careful consideration of sociological and environmental confounders alongside genetic ancestry.

Key measures

Single-cell RNA sequencing data; expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) differentiated by genetic ancestry; infection-induced gene signatures; correlation with COVID-19 disease severity genes

Outcomes reported

The study measured infection-induced gene expression signatures in immune cells from individuals of European and African descent infected with influenza in vitro, quantifying ancestry-correlated differences in immune responses across cell types. Ancestry-associated genes were found to be enriched among genes correlated with COVID-19 disease severity.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Other / interdisciplinary
Study type
Research
Study design
Laboratory experimental study
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
United States
System type
Laboratory / in vitro
DOI
10.1126/science.abg0928
Catalogue ID
SNmoj1y638-dj951n

Topic tags

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