Summary
This three-year field trial in Maine assessed the effectiveness of biochar, humus, and compost amendments combined with insect netting row covers (mesotunnels) on organic vegetable production outcomes. Compost-based amendments consistently improved soil properties and yields relative to fertiliser-only controls; biochar further enhanced soil pH, cation exchange capacity and calcium, yielding the highest bean and zucchini yields, whilst humus showed no improvement and possible yield reductions. Insect netting substantially increased zucchini yield (59%) and moderately increased bean yield (11%), improved emergence and reduced leaf damage, but did not control powdery mildew or benefit beet production.
UK applicability
The findings are potentially applicable to UK organic vegetable growers in temperate regions with similar soil and climatic conditions, particularly for amendment strategies in cool-season production. However, direct transferability may be limited by differences in northeastern US versus UK soil types, pest and disease pressures, and growing-season length, requiring local validation.
Key measures
Soil pH, soil organic matter, microbial activity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil K, Mg, Ca content; crop yield (bean, zucchini, beet); plant emergence rates; insect leaf damage; powdery mildew incidence; plant nutrient content
Outcomes reported
The study evaluated impacts of biochar and humus amendments (combined with compost) and early-season insect netting on soil chemical and biological properties, crop yield, and pest/disease management across three vegetable crops over three years. Measurements included soil pH, organic matter, microbial activity, nutrient content (K, Mg, Ca), crop yield, plant emergence, insect damage, and disease incidence.
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