Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Legume-forage wheat rotations synergistically enhance soil multifunctionality and economic benefits in dryland agriculture: insights from a 39-year field study

Wenjing Wang, Weiming Yan, Simone Raposo Cotta, Lucas Pecci Canisares, Maurício Roberto Cherubin, Zhouping Shangguan, Lei Deng, Yangquanwei Zhong

Climate smart agriculture. · 2026

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Summary

This 39-year field study demonstrates that legume-forage based crop rotations, particularly those incorporating sainfoin and alfalfa, synergistically enhance both soil multifunctionality and economic returns in dryland agroecosystems, whereas cereal-only rotations generate short-term economic gains with minimal soil function improvement. The research identifies soil carbon and nutrient cycling as key mechanistic drivers of multifunctionality under long-term rotation. The findings support the integration of forage legumes into wheat-based rotation systems as an effective strategy for sustaining both soil health and farm profitability in water-limited environments.

Regional applicability

This study was conducted in dryland China and may have direct relevance to dryland farming regions in the United Kingdom, particularly in eastern areas with lower rainfall. However, transferability to UK conditions would depend on soil type, climate analogue matching, and the availability and agronomic suitability of the specific legume forage cultivars used; further UK field validation would be warranted.

Key measures

Soil multifunctionality indices (topsoil and subsoil), crop yields, economic benefits, soil carbon, nutrient cycling

Outcomes reported

The study evaluated soil multifunctionality (SMF) in topsoil and subsoil, crop yields, and economic benefits across 39 years of contrasting rotation systems. Results demonstrated that legume forage-based rotations significantly improved SMF and concurrent economic sustainability compared to cereal-only systems.

Theme
Farming systems, soils & land use
Subject
Regenerative & agroecological farming
Study type
Research
Study design
Field trial
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
China
System type
Mixed farming
DOI
10.1016/j.csag.2026.100113
Catalogue ID
SNmonuuy7y-rfpunu

Topic tags

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