Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Independent domestication and cultivation histories of two West African indigenous fonio millet crops

Thomas Kaczmarek, Philippe Cubry, Louis Champion, Sandrine Causse, Marie Couderc, Julie Orjuela, Edak Aniedi Uyoh, Happiness Ogba Oselebe, S. N. Dachi, Charlotte O. A. Adje, Emmanuel Sêkloka, Enoch G. Achigan‐Dako, Abdou R. Ibrahim Bio Yerima, Sani Idi Saidou, Yacoubou Bakasso, B. Diop, Mame Codou Guèye, Richard Yaw Agyare, Joseph Adjebeng‐Danquah, Mathieu Guèye, Jan J. Wieringa, Yves Vigouroux, Claire Billot, Adéline Barnaud, Christian Leclerc

Nature Communications · 2025

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Summary

This peer-reviewed study uses whole genome sequencing of 265 accessions to reconstruct the independent domestication histories of black fonio (Digitaria iburua) and white fonio (D. exilis), two indigenous West African grain cereals. The authors demonstrate these crops arose from separate domestication events without subsequent gene flow, with cultivation expanding from the Common Era onwards—timing that aligns with the earliest archaeological fonio evidence in Nigeria. The work provides genomic resources and historical context to support conservation and promotion of these climate-resilient neglected crops amid changing agricultural pressures.

UK applicability

These findings have limited direct applicability to UK farming systems, as fonio cultivation is specific to West African agroecological and socioeconomic contexts. However, the study's methodology for reconstructing crop domestication and genetic diversity may inform UK plant breeding and heritage crop conservation efforts, and underscores the global importance of protecting crop diversity in developing regions.

Key measures

Whole genome sequences of 265 accessions; phylogenetic relationships; domestication timing relative to archaeological records; population size dynamics

Outcomes reported

The study analysed whole genome sequences of 265 accessions to establish the domestication history and genetic relationships of black and white fonio species and their wild relatives. It determined that the two fonio crops arose from independent domestication events without gene flow, and documented a cultivation expansion beginning in the Common Era with subsequent population decline centuries ago.

Theme
Climate & resilience
Subject
Cereals & grains
Study type
Research
Study design
Comparative genomic analysis
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
West Africa
System type
Arable cereals
DOI
10.1038/s41467-025-59454-2
Catalogue ID
SNmoqqtc08-pyt811

Topic tags

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