Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Light a candle for impregnation of superconducting magnets with wax: Thermo-mechanical behavior of an alumina-filled paraffin wax from ambient to cryogenic temperatures

Xiang Kong, Joep L. Van den Eijnden, André Brem, D. Araujo, Bernhard Auchmann, Theo A. Tervoort

Cryogenics · 2026

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Summary

This materials science study describes the development and characterisation of an alumina-particle-filled paraffin wax system designed for impregnation of superconducting magnets operating at cryogenic temperatures. The addition of 45 vol% sub-micrometer alumina particles substantially improves mechanical performance and thermal matching while preserving low melt viscosity for effective coil impregnation. Two-dimensional RVE simulations provide mechanistic insights into thermal-mismatch stress accumulation and matrix-particle damage, supporting the design of next-generation wax-based impregnation systems.

UK applicability

This paper is not applicable to UK farming systems, soil health, nutrient density or human health research. It addresses materials engineering for high-energy physics infrastructure and would only be relevant to UK institutions operating superconducting magnet facilities.

Key measures

Compressive strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, thermal expansion coefficient, melt viscosity, thermal contraction, RVE (representative volume element) stress and damage analysis

Outcomes reported

The study characterised the thermo-mechanical properties of alumina-filled paraffin wax from ambient to cryogenic temperatures, measuring compressive strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, thermal expansion coefficient, and melt viscosity. RVE simulations were used to elucidate damage initiation mechanisms and stress evolution during thermal cycling and mechanical loading.

Theme
General food systems / other
Subject
Other / interdisciplinary
Study type
Research
Study design
Laboratory / in vitro study with computational modelling
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
System type
Laboratory / in vitro
DOI
10.1016/j.cryogenics.2026.104326
Catalogue ID
SNmotmq3iq-ganxit

Topic tags

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