Summary
This paper introduces a special section synthesising research on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in agroecosystems, with particular focus on inadvertent introduction through beneficial reuse of treated wastewater, biosolids, and food waste composts, as well as PFAS-containing pesticides. The work is organised around three themes: source assessment of PFAS in water and wastewater residuals destined for agricultural land application; understanding PFAS fate and transport following land application; and evaluation of small-scale mitigation techniques. The findings are intended to inform future PFAS guidelines, policies, and regulations protecting human and ecological health in agricultural contexts.
UK applicability
The findings are potentially relevant to United Kingdom policy, particularly regarding regulation of wastewater reuse for irrigation and land application of biosolids and compost, which are encouraged as circular economy measures. However, the specific PFAS sources and regulatory context may differ between the United States and the United Kingdom, requiring adaptation of recommendations to local conditions and existing regulatory frameworks.
Key measures
PFAS concentrations and speciation in water, wastewater residuals, soil, and potentially food crops; PFAS fate and transport parameters; effectiveness of mitigation techniques
Outcomes reported
The paper synthesises current knowledge of PFAS sources in agroecosystems (wastewater irrigation, biosolids, food waste compost, pesticides) and their fate following land application, and identifies small-scale mitigation techniques to reduce PFAS mobilisation. It evaluates impacts on rural water supplies, soil health, and food safety.
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