Summary
This double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial evaluated a zinc-biofortified wheat variety (Zincol-2016) in rural Pakistan, where zinc deficiency is widespread. Consumption of the biofortified flour provided an additional 3.0–6.0 mg daily zinc intake and produced a significant increase in plasma zinc concentration at 4 weeks, but this effect was not sustained at 8 weeks. The intervention did not produce consistent significant effects on fatty acid metabolism indices.
Regional applicability
The findings have limited direct applicability to UK populations, where dietary zinc intake is generally adequate and zinc deficiency is not a public health priority. However, the study's methodology and biofortification approach may inform strategies for addressing micronutrient deficiency in resource-limited settings with similar epidemiological profiles.
Key measures
Plasma zinc concentration (primary outcome); plasma selenium and copper concentrations, copper:zinc ratio, and fatty acid desaturase/elongase activity indices (secondary outcomes); 24-hour dietary recall for nutrient intake assessment
Outcomes reported
The study measured plasma zinc concentration, plasma selenium and copper concentrations, plasma copper:zinc ratio, and fatty acid desaturase and elongase activity indices in women of reproductive age consuming biofortified wheat flour. Nutrient intake was assessed via 24-hour dietary recall interviews.
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