Summary
This multi-site field trial in Malawi assessed agronomic biofortification as a strategy to increase zinc concentration in maize grain, addressing documented zinc deficiency among rural populations. Application of 30 kg ha⁻¹ zinc-enriched fertiliser increased maize grain yields by 11% and grain zinc concentration by 15% compared with the nationally recommended rate of 1 kg ha⁻¹, with zinc uptake increasing by 23%. The effectiveness of zinc fertiliser application was consistent across the two major soil types evaluated, suggesting the approach is broadly applicable.
UK applicability
The findings have limited direct applicability to UK farming conditions, where zinc deficiency in soils and crops is less widespread than in Malawi and where fertiliser use is typically more intensive. However, the methodology and approach to agronomic biofortification may inform UK discussions on sustainable intensification and micronutrient security in staple crops.
Key measures
Maize grain yield, grain zinc concentration, zinc uptake by maize grain, zinc harvest index, zinc fertiliser application rates (1, 30, and 90 kg ha⁻¹), soil type comparison
Outcomes reported
The study measured maize grain yield, zinc concentration in grain, zinc uptake, and zinc harvest index across three Agricultural Research Station sites under two contrasting soil types (Lixisols and Vertisols) at three application rates of zinc-enriched fertiliser. Results demonstrated changes in grain zinc concentration and yield in response to agronomic biofortification relative to the nationally recommended fertiliser application rate.
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