Summary
This narrative review examines the mechanistic links between immune system dysregulation and cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus. The authors describe how aberrant activation of immune cells and altered metabolic signalling drive chronic low-grade inflammation that accelerates atherosclerosis onset and progression in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The review discusses how genetic and systemic approaches are revealing precision medicine opportunities to target these inflammatory pathways.
Regional applicability
The immunological mechanisms described are applicable to United Kingdom clinical practice and research, as diabetes-related cardiovascular disease remains a significant public health burden. However, this is a mechanistic review of fundamental immunopathology rather than a population-specific or UK-contextualised study; applicability depends on whether identified mechanisms translate uniformly across different genetic backgrounds and healthcare contexts.
Key measures
Immunological markers of dysregulation; inflammatory cytokine and chemokine profiles; atherosclerosis progression indicators; cardiovascular event risk in diabetic populations
Outcomes reported
This narrative review synthesises evidence on immune system dysregulation in type 1 and type 2 diabetes patients and its role in promoting atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. The review discusses metabolic changes and aberrant immune cell activation that drive chronic inflammation through cytokine and chemokine secretion.
Topic tags
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