Summary
This foundational review by Welch and Graham synthesises agronomic and plant physiological evidence demonstrating that sufficient genetic variation exists within major staple crop species to support meaningful improvement in grain micronutrient density through selective breeding. The authors position biofortification via plant breeding as a cost-effective, sustainable pathway to address global micronutrient malnutrition, grounded in evidence of crop phenotypic diversity and heritability. The paper is widely recognised as a key contribution to the scientific rationale underpinning modern biofortification programmes.
Regional applicability
Whilst the paper addresses global staple crops, its direct applicability to UK agriculture is limited, as UK farming focuses primarily on temperate cereals and does not face endemic micronutrient deficiencies like those in lower-income countries. However, the breeding methodologies and genetic principles outlined may inform crop improvement programmes in the United Kingdom for enhanced nutritional resilience and food security.
Key measures
Grain mineral concentrations (zinc, iron, and other micronutrients); genetic variation within crop species; heritability of micronutrient traits
Outcomes reported
The paper reviews the scientific evidence for genetic variation in micronutrient concentration within staple crop species and evaluates the agronomic feasibility of selective breeding to increase grain mineral density. It presents a case for biofortification through conventional plant breeding as a sustainable public health intervention.
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