Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

<i>Coxiella burnetii</i> seroconversion in neonatal calves in an infected dairy herd attributable to ingestion of imported colostrum replacer rather than vertical transmission

Ana Rabaza, Matías A. Dorsch, Mark C. Eisler, Caroline da Silva Silveira, Melissa Macías-Rioseco, Virginia Aráoz, Anderson Saravia, D. Caffarena, Camila Ferrando, Alejandro Mendoza, Martín Fraga, Leticia Zarantonelli, Federico Giannitti

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation · 2026

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Summary

Following a cluster of Q fever-related abortions in a Uruguayan dairy herd, this investigation traced the epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii infection in 133 calving cows and their calves. Whilst 22.5% of non-aborting cows were seropositive at parturition, congenital infection proved negligible; however, 95% of seronegative neonatal calves seroconverted within 24 hours of consuming an imported commercial colostrum replacer, suggesting this product as a contamination source and a potential confounder in seroepidemiological surveys.

UK applicability

This finding is directly relevant to UK dairy practice, as colostrum replacers are commonly used in both conventional and organic systems. The results indicate that serological surveys of C. burnetii in UK dairy herds must account for colostrum replacer use as a source of apparent seroconversion, potentially affecting disease prevalence estimates and herd-level risk assessments.

Key measures

Anti-C. burnetii IgG seroprevalence by ELISA in cows and calves; C. burnetii DNA detection by PCR; proportion of seronegative newborn calves seroconverting after colostrum replacer ingestion (95%)

Outcomes reported

The study documented seroprevalence of C. burnetii in a dairy herd following abortion cases, traced transmission routes in live-born calves, and demonstrated unexpected seroconversion in neonatal calves after ingestion of imported colostrum replacer. Serological and PCR testing established that vertical transmission was not the primary route of infection to live-born calves in this herd.

Theme
Measurement & metrics
Subject
Animal health & welfare
Study type
Research
Study design
Field investigation with cross-sectional sampling
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Uruguay
System type
Dairy
DOI
10.1177/10406387261426475
Catalogue ID
BFmou2m4ux-gpc3mi

Topic tags

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