Summary
This review synthesises evidence on the carbon cycle dynamics of terrestrial ecosystems and the impact of conversion from natural to managed systems. It quantifies that approximately 130–135 Pg of soil organic carbon has been depleted since the onset of agriculture around 8000 BC, and argues that recarbonisation of soil and vegetation represents a critical strategy for mitigating anthropogenic climate change whilst enhancing broader ecosystem services.
UK applicability
The findings are globally applicable and relevant to UK agricultural and land management policy, particularly regarding soil health initiatives and net-zero commitments. UK upland and lowland farming systems would benefit from evidence-based approaches to increase soil carbon stocks as part of climate and environmental land management schemes.
Key measures
Terrestrial carbon stocks (Pg); soil organic carbon (SOC) depletion (130–135 Pg estimated); greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O); atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration
Outcomes reported
The paper examines the carbon sequestration potential of terrestrial ecosystems (vegetation and soil in uplands and wetlands) and quantifies historic depletion of soil organic carbon stocks since agricultural onset. It assesses the capacity for recarbonisation of soil and vegetation as a climate change mitigation strategy.
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