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Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Towards positive net outcomes for biodiversity, and developing safeguards to accompany headline biodiversity indicators

Joseph W. Bull, Inika Taylor, A de Valença, R IJspeert, B van Erve, P Modernel, Joseph Poore

npj Biodiversity · 2025

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Summary

This study presents a quantitative framework for monitoring net positive biodiversity outcomes in the Dutch dairy sector using an integrated biodiversity index applied across 8,950 farms. The authors identify imported feed as the dominant source of biodiversity impacts and develop safeguards to accompany headline biodiversity indicators, demonstrating that comprehensive implementation could reduce sectoral biodiversity impacts by ~94%. The work highlights both the necessity and limitations of composite metrics for tracking net biodiversity outcomes, emphasising the importance of complementary safeguards to avoid perverse policy outcomes.

UK applicability

The methodological approach and integrated biodiversity assessment framework could be adapted for UK dairy production, particularly given similarities in intensive dairy systems and feed import dependencies. The findings regarding feed-related biodiversity impacts and the risks of single-metric policy focus are likely relevant to UK policy contexts, though UK-specific baseline impacts and farm-level data would be required for direct applicability.

Key measures

Integrated biodiversity index; sectoral baseline biodiversity impacts; contributions of imported feed and nutrient loads to biodiversity footprint; effectiveness of proposed biodiversity strategies and safeguards

Outcomes reported

The study developed and applied an integrated biodiversity index to 8,950 Dutch dairy farms to quantify sectoral baseline biodiversity impacts and evaluate feasibility of achieving net positive biodiversity outcomes. The analysis identified imported feed as the largest source of biodiversity impacts and demonstrated that implementing proposed biodiversity safeguards could reduce sectoral impacts by approximately 94%.

Theme
Measurement & metrics
Subject
Climate & greenhouse gas mitigation
Study type
Research
Study design
Observational cohort
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Netherlands
System type
Dairy
DOI
10.1038/s44185-025-00095-5
Catalogue ID
BFmovi28q3-sxw1qv

Topic tags

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