Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

<i>Coxiella burnetii</i> seroconversion in neonatal calves in an infected dairy herd attributable to ingestion of imported colostrum replacer rather than vertical transmission

Ana Rabaza, Matías A. Dorsch, Mark C. Eisler, Caroline da Silva Silveira, Melissa Macías-Rioseco, Virginia Aráoz, Anderson Saravia, D. Caffarena, Camila Ferrando, Alejandro Mendoza, Martín Fraga, Leticia Zarantonelli, Federico Giannitti

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation · 2026

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Summary

This investigation of a C. burnetii abortion cluster in a Uruguayan dairy herd demonstrates that vertical transmission to live-born calves was not a significant route of infection in this population. Instead, the study reveals that imported commercial colostrum replacer was likely the source of seroconversion in 95% of seronegative newborn calves, a finding with important implications for seroepidemiological interpretation in herds using such replacers and for understanding the epidemiology of Q fever in dairy cattle.

UK applicability

The findings are relevant to UK dairy herds that use imported colostrum replacers, suggesting a potential confounding factor in serological surveys for C. burnetii. The result highlights the need for caution in interpreting neonatal serology when commercial colostrum products are used, and may inform biosecurity and product sourcing practices in UK dairy operations.

Key measures

Anti-C. burnetii IgG serology by ELISA; C. burnetii DNA detection by PCR; timing of seroconversion relative to colostrum ingestion

Outcomes reported

The study determined seroprevalence of C. burnetii in cows and newborn calves, and identified whether seronegative calves seroconverted after ingesting imported commercial colostrum replacer. All calves born to seropositive cows were seronegative at birth, but 95% of seronegative calves became seropositive within 24 hours of consuming colostrum replacer.

Theme
Measurement & metrics
Subject
Animal health & welfare
Study type
Research
Study design
Observational cohort
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Uruguay
System type
Dairy
DOI
10.1177/10406387261426475
Catalogue ID
MGmounl9t6-5k6mw1

Topic tags

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