Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 1 — Meta-analysis / systematic reviewPeer-reviewed

Landscape context affects the sustainability of organic farming systems

Olivia M. Smith, Abigail Cohen, John P. Reganold, Matthew S. Jones, Robert J. Orpet, Joseph Taylor, Jessa H. Thurman, Kevin A. Cornell, Rachel L. Olsson, Yang Ge, Christina M. Kennedy, David W. Crowder

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2020

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Summary

This global meta-analysis of 60 crops demonstrates that the sustainability benefits of organic agriculture vary substantially depending on landscape context. Whilst organic sites consistently showed greater biodiversity and profitability than conventional counterparts, the magnitude of ecological benefits was highest in intensive landscapes with large field sizes, whereas economic advantages were greatest in landscapes with smaller fields. The findings suggest that organic agriculture's contribution to sustainability is not uniform but depends on pre-existing landscape characteristics and socioeconomic factors.

UK applicability

The findings are relevant to UK policy and practice, particularly given the prevalence of medium to large-scale arable production in lowland England and the policy emphasis on environmental land management schemes. However, UK-specific validation would be needed, as the meta-analysis spans diverse global contexts and the interaction between landscape intensity, field size, and socioeconomic factors may differ in the UK regulatory and market environment.

Key measures

biodiversity (presumably species richness or diversity indices), crop yields, farm profitability, field size, landscape intensity

Outcomes reported

The study measured biodiversity, crop yields, and profitability across organic and conventional farming sites globally, stratified by landscape characteristics including field size. It assessed how landscape context modulates the sustainability benefits of organic agriculture across 60 crops.

Theme
Farming systems, soils & land use
Subject
Regenerative & agroecological farming
Study type
Meta-analysis
Study design
Meta-analysis
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Global
System type
Organic systems
DOI
10.1073/pnas.1906909117
Catalogue ID
MGmovtek21-ntxhfn

Topic tags

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