Summary
This invited review examines the critical role of livestock in supporting rural livelihoods, food security and nutritional outcomes across low- and middle-income countries. The paper synthesises evidence that animal-source foods supply 13% of global calories and 26% of protein whilst providing bioavailable micronutrients essential for preventing nutritional stunting, wasting, anaemia and underweight—conditions affecting hundreds of millions of children and adults in South and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The authors also examine the tension between livestock's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and the potential of over 100 climate-smart interventions, noting that adoption remains limited in resource-constrained settings.
UK applicability
Whilst the review focuses on developing country contexts where nutritional deficiencies and livelihood dependence on livestock are more acute, some findings on micronutrient bioavailability and climate-smart farming practices may inform UK policy on sustainable intensification and dietary guidance in disadvantaged communities. However, direct applicability is limited given the UK's different agro-ecological conditions, wealth levels and existing food security.
Key measures
Contribution to GDP and livelihoods; micronutrient content and bioavailability of animal-source foods; prevalence of stunting, wasting, anaemia and underweight in vulnerable populations; greenhouse gas emission intensity; methane mitigation potential
Outcomes reported
The paper reviews the multifaceted contributions of livestock to food security, nutrition, livelihoods, and ecosystem services in low- and middle-income countries, with particular focus on the micronutrient density of animal-source foods and climate-smart mitigation interventions.
Topic tags
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