Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

The role of social and personal norms in biodiversity conservation: A segmentation of Swiss farmers

Christian Ritzel, Antonia Kaiser, Yanbing Wang, Gabriele Mack

Journal of Environmental Management · 2025

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Summary

This study segments Swiss farmers (N = 882) according to their social and personal norms toward biodiversity conservation and analyses how these segments differ in pro-environmental behaviour, self-efficacy, and reliance on biodiversity payments. Using latent class analysis combined with registered EFA data from the Swiss Agricultural Information System, the authors found that farmers with higher social and personal norms implemented substantially more ecological focus areas and reported greater self-efficacy and environmental policy priorities. The findings suggest that social norm interventions emphasising societal approval of conservation efforts could effectively encourage farmers to adopt biodiversity-enhancing practices.

UK applicability

The segmentation approach and social norm framework may be applicable to UK farming contexts, particularly within England's Environmental Stewardship and future Environmental Land Management schemes where farmer behaviour change is critical. However, differences in regulatory structures, farm sizes, payment mechanisms, and cultural contexts would require adaptation of the intervention strategy.

Key measures

Number of registered ecological focus areas (EFAs); latent class segments based on social and personal norms; self-efficacy; importance of farm sales and biodiversity payments; political priorities for environmental policies; socio-demographic and farm characteristics

Outcomes reported

The study identified farmer segments based on social and personal norms toward biodiversity conservation and compared their implementation of ecological focus areas (EFAs) and pro-environmental behaviours. Segments with higher social and personal norms implemented significantly more EFAs and exhibited stronger environmental priorities and self-efficacy.

Theme
Policy, governance & rights
Subject
Cereals & grains
Study type
Research
Study design
Observational cohort study with latent class analysis
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Switzerland
System type
Other
DOI
10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124605
Catalogue ID
SNmp4zkio9-rj2e2e

Topic tags

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