Summary
BACKGROUND: Rhizoctonia solani, the fungal pathogen causing rice sheath blight, threatens global food security. Prolonged use of Kresoxim-methyl (KM), a common fungicide, has led to resistance and reduced effectiveness. This study investigates the synergistic effects of citral-based amide derivatives with KM and explains the underlying mechanisms. RESULT: Among the tested derivatives, compound d25 exhibited the most pronounced synergistic effect, achieving a peak synergistic ratio (SR = 2.66 ± 0.67) at a molar ratio of 25% in the mixture. At a molar ratio of 10%, the mixture (Mix) demonstrated significant antifungal activity both in vitro and in vivo, effectively reducing mycelial dry weight and enhancing rice leaf protection. Mechanistic studies revealed that Mix disrupted the tricarboxyl
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