Summary
Drought stress poses a significant threat to olive cultivation in Mediterranean regions. This study investigated the resilience and functional adaptation of root-associated and rhizosphere soil microorganisms of four olive cultivars under contrasting water regimes (irrigated vs. drought) across seasons. Using a combination of amplicon-targeted metagenomics, phylogenetic analysis, and text mining of the scientific literature, we identified a conserved core microbiome and revealed that drought stress significantly alters the structure of root-associated—but not rhizosphere soil—bacterial communities. Potential functional profiling indicated that drought conditions enriched for genes involved in stress response pathways, including branched-chain amino acid transport, glutathione S-transferase
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