Summary
Dairy cows' productive performance is influenced by various factors, including nutrition, housing comfort, and weather conditions during grazing. In classic confinement systems, animal comfort is typically ensured through ventilation and sprinkling features. However, in mixed feeding systems, controlling environmental conditions at the supplementation site is less common. The present 2-yr study evaluated 2 lactations and 2 calving seasons (autumn and spring) with 3 treatments that combined 2 housing systems (compost barn [CB] or outdoor soil-bedded pens with shade structures [OD]) and 2 feeding strategies with varying proportions of grazing (TMR with no grazing and one-session grazing supplemented with mixed ration [GRZ]). The treatments resulted in the following combinations: (1) CB-confi
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