Summary
A major challenge of organic rice production is obtaining optimal nutrient levels while maintaining environmental sustainability. Here, we investigated the effects of organic management practices via the application of organic soil amendments on soil microbial biomass and changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in rice paddy, affecting global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI). Different N sources: chicken liter pellet (CLP), NatureSafe® (NS), and their mixture (CLP + NS) were amended to rice paddy field at varying N rates: 0, 50, and 150 kg N ha −1 . Organic management in rice paddy resulted in a range of outcomes, including variations in soil microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), CO 2 and CH 4 emissions, GWP, and GHGI. A notable increase in microbial b
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