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Peer-reviewed

Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Michael Bräuer, Gregory A. Roth, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Peng Zheng, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Yohannes Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh, Madineh Abbasi, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Mitra Abbasifard, Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Sherief Abd‐Elsalam, Parsa Abdi, Mohammad Abdollahı, Meriem Abdoun, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Auwal Abdullahi, Mesfin Abebe, Aidin Abedi, Armita Abedi, Tadesse Melaku Abegaz, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zúñiga, Olumide Abiodun, Temesgen Lera Abiso, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Mohamed Abouzid, Girma Beressa Aboye, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Hasan Abualruz, Bilyaminu Abubakar, Eman Abu‐Gharbieh, Hana J Abukhadijah, Salahdein Aburuz, Ahmed Abu‐Zaid, Mesafint Molla Adane, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Giovanni Addolorato, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Victor Adekanmbi, Bashir Aden, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji, Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa, Rishan Adha, Amin Adibi, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Leticia Akua Adzigbli, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Rotimi Felix Afolabi, Ashkan Afshin, Shadi Afyouni, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Suneth Agampodi, Faith Agbozo, Shahin Aghamiri, Antonella Agodi, Anurag Agrawal, Williams Agyemang‐Duah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Danish Ahmad, Firdos Ahmad, Noah Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Ali Ahmed, Anisuddin Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Luai A. Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Safoora Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Gizachew Taddesse Akalu, Essona Matatom Akara, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Shiva Akhlaghi, Karolina Akinosoglou, Tomi Akinyemiju, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif, Sreelatha Akkala, Blessing Akombi-Inyang, Salah Al Awaidy, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Fares Alahdab, Tareq Mohammed Ali AL-Ahdal, Samer O Alalalmeh, Tariq A. Alalwan, Ziyad Al‐Aly, Khurshid Alam, Nazmul Alam, Fahad Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Almaza A. Albakri, Mohammad T AlBataineh, Wafa Ali Aldhaleei, Robert W Aldridge

The Lancet · 2024

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Summary

BACKGROUND: Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensive estimates of exposure levels, relative health risks, and attributable burden of disease for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: The GBD 2021 risk factor analysis used data from 54 561 total distinct sources to produce epidemiological estimates for 88 risk factors and their associated health outcomes for a total of 631 risk-outcome pairs. Pairs were included on the basis of

Subject
Other / interdisciplinary
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
System type
Other
DOI
10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00933-4
Catalogue ID
SNmpdjw7j2-9pkqtx
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