Summary
This narrative review synthesises evidence linking alterations in gut microbiota composition to the development and progression of hypertension, with implications for cardiovascular and kidney health. The authors discuss bidirectional communication between the microbiota and brain via multiple pathways (vagus nerve, enteric nervous system, hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis, short-chain fatty acids, and neurotransmitter metabolism), and evaluate dietary and probiotic interventions—particularly Mediterranean diet and specific probiotic formulations—as potential means to modulate blood pressure and reduce inflammation. The review concludes that further mechanistic research is needed to establish microbiota-based approaches as clinically actionable strategies for hypertension management.
Regional applicability
Findings are broadly applicable to UK clinical and public health practice, where hypertension prevalence is high and there is increasing interest in non-pharmacological interventions. UK dietary guidelines already align with some recommendations (Mediterranean-style patterns, sodium reduction), though translation into routine care and personalised probiotic prescription would require further evidence on safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness in UK populations.
Key measures
Blood pressure regulation; gut microbiota composition; systemic inflammation markers; effects of Mediterranean diet, polyphenols, omega-3 fatty acids, sodium restriction, and probiotic supplementation
Outcomes reported
The narrative review examined correlations between gut microbiota composition and hypertension development, and evaluated the effects of dietary interventions and probiotics on blood pressure regulation and systemic inflammation.
Topic tags
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