Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIETARY INTAKE OF GRASS-FED VERSUS GRAIN-FED BEEF AND PLASMA LEVELS OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY FATTY ACIDS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Rabia Saleem; Noman Shafique; Hina Maqbool

Axis Journal of Agriculture & Biological Sciences · 2025

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Summary

Background: The fatty acid composition of beef varies according to cattle feeding practices, influencing its potential impact on human health. Grass-fed beef contains higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. Understanding how these compositional differences affect human plasma lipid profiles can help guide dietary recommendations and livestock management practices. Objective: To compare the effects of grass-fed and grain-fed beef consumption on plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids and CLA in adults from South Punjab, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study over eight months enrolled 60 adults, with 30 regularly eating grass-fed beef and 30 regularly eating grain-fed beef. Their usual diet was recorde

Regional applicability

This study was conducted in Pakistan and may have limited direct applicability to United Kingdom contexts, which have different cattle feeding systems, climate, forage availability, and dietary patterns. However, the biochemical mechanisms linking grass feeding to plasma fatty acid composition are potentially universal, making the methodological approach and biomarker findings relevant to UK nutrition research and livestock management debates.

Key measures

Plasma omega-3 fatty acids (µg/mL), plasma CLA (µg/mL), omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, dietary intake via food questionnaire, Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-tests for group comparison

Outcomes reported

The study measured and compared plasma concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and omega-6 to omega-3 ratios in adults consuming grass-fed versus grain-fed beef. Associations between beef consumption frequency and plasma fatty acid levels were also examined.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Dietary fats & fatty acids
Study type
Research
Study design
Cross-sectional study
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Published
Geography
Pakistan
System type
Pasture-based livestock
DOI
10.67129/edekzq13
Catalogue ID
NRmscgth2l-005

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