Summary
This narrative review synthesises scientific evidence demonstrating that plant-based diets (vegan and lacto-ovo-vegetarian) are safe and effective across all life stages, including pregnancy, lactation, childhood, and older age. The authors address key nutritional concerns including vitamin B12, calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids, recommending use of fortified foods and supplements where appropriate. The review highlights disease-preventative mechanisms including high fibre and polyphenolic content associated with diverse gut microbiota and anti-inflammatory metabolites, and provides practical guidelines for health professionals.
Regional applicability
Although the review is global in scope, findings are directly applicable to United Kingdom practice and policy. The UK has increasing adoption of plant-based diets, and the nutrient guidance aligns with UK dietary standards and professional practice frameworks for registered dietitians and healthcare providers.
Key measures
Disease prevention and management (cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis); nutrient intake and adequacy (vitamin B12, calcium, vitamin D, iron, zinc, omega-3 fats); gut microbiota composition; inflammatory markers
Outcomes reported
A systematic review of scientific evidence on plant-based diets' preventative and therapeutic roles in cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity, and osteoporosis across all life stages. The review synthesises evidence on safety, nutrient adequacy, and health outcomes, with recommendations for health professional guidance.
Topic tags
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