Summary
This narrative review examines the virulence mechanisms of Mycobacterium abscessus, a non-tuberculous mycobacterium increasingly recognised as a true pathogen rather than a purely opportunistic organism. The authors synthesise evidence on the diverse virulence factors that enable M. abscessus survival in the harsh environment of cystic fibrosis lungs, and discuss how this pathogenic repertoire informs rational vaccine design. The review emphasises that effective vaccination strategies must be tailored to vulnerable populations and incorporate insights from decades of M. tuberculosis vaccine research.
Regional applicability
This work has limited direct application to UK agricultural systems but may inform UK clinical practice and public health policy regarding management of M. abscessus in immunocompromised populations, particularly those with cystic fibrosis. UK-based mycobacterial research and vaccine development programmes may benefit from the virulence mechanisms synthesis presented.
Key measures
Virulence factors characterisation; immune correlates of protection; vaccine strategy frameworks; comparative analysis with M. tuberculosis vaccination approaches
Outcomes reported
The review synthesises current knowledge of M. abscessus virulence factors (both mycobacterial-resembling and non-mycobacterial) and their role in host-pathogen interaction, particularly in cystic fibrosis lung environments. It examines implications for vaccine design and therapeutic development against this emerging pathogen.
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