Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Peer-reviewed

Global diversity and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in human wastewater treatment systems

Congmin Zhu, Linwei Wu, Daliang Ning, Renmao Tian, Shu-Hong Gao, Bing Zhang, Jianshu Zhao, Ya Zhang, Naijia Xiao, Yajiao Wang, Mathew R. Brown, Qichao Tu, Dany Acevedo, Miriam Agullo-Barcelo, Juliana Calabria de Araujo, Érika Ferreira de Abreu Mac Conell, Kevin Boehnke, Philip Bond, Charles B. Bott, Patricia Bovio-Winkler, Rebecca K. Brewster, Faizal Bux, Angela Cabezas, Léa Cabrol, Si Chen, Claudia Etchebehere, Amanda Ford, Janeth Sanabria Gómez, James S. Griffin, Pedro J. J. Alvarez, Moshe Habagil, Lauren Hale, Marc Harmon, Harald Horn, Zhiqiang Hu, David R. Johnson, Deborah Garbani Marcantini, Alexander Keucken, Sheena Kumari, Cintia Dutra Leal, Zarraz MP Lee, Yong Li, Zhenxin Li, Mengyan Li, Yu Liu, Leda C. Mendonça-Hagler, Francisca Gleire Rodriguez de Menezes, Arthur J. Meyers, Andrew Palmer, Prathap Parameswaran, Valeria Reginatto, Francis L. de los Reyes, Simona Rossetti, Jatinder Sidhu, Kylie Smith, Oscarina Viana de Sousa, Kyle Stephens, Chenxiang Sun, Nicholas B. Tooker, Joy D. Van Nostrand, Steve Wakelin, Bei Wang, Joseph E. Weaver, Stephanie West, Sung-Geun Woo, Jer-Horng Wu, Liyou Wu, Chuanwu Xi, Tao Yan, Min Yang, Michelle Young, Chiqian Zhang, Qian Zhang, Wen Zhang, Wanlin Zheng, Hongde Zhou, Weiqin Zhuang, Feng Ju, George F. Wells, Jianhua Guo, Zhili He, Per H. Nielsen, Aijie Wang, Yu Zhang, Ting Chen, Qiang He, Craig S. Criddle, Michael Wagner, James M. Tiedje, Thomas P. Curtis, Xianghua Wen, Yunfeng Yang, Lisa Alvarez-Cohen, David A. Stahl, Pedro J. J. Alvarez, Bruce E. Rittmann, Jizhong Zhou

Nature Communications · 2025

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Summary

Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to human health, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, we analyze the antibiotic resistomes of 226 activated sludge samples from 142 WWTPs across six continents, using a consistent pipeline for sample collection, DNA sequencing and analysis. We find that ARGs are diverse and similarly abundant, with a core set of 20 ARGs present in all WWTPs. ARG composition differs across continents and is distinct from that of the human gut and the oceans. ARG composition strongly correlates with bacterial taxonomic composition, with Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria being the major carriers. ARG abundance positively correlates with the presence of mobile genetic eleme

Source type
Peer-reviewed study
DOI
10.1038/s41467-025-59019-3
Catalogue ID
SNmojyxui1-wn1chz
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