Summary
This systematic review addresses a knowledge gap by examining how diatoms are used as bioindicators in ephemeral freshwater ecosystems, which are sensitive but under-researched environments. Analysis of 48 studies from 1982 onwards reveals that whilst diatoms are well-established in permanent water biomonitoring, their application in ephemeral waters remains limited, with research concentrated on lotic systems in Mediterranean and Antarctic regions at low altitudes, predominantly using epilithic diatom communities and measuring conductivity, pH and temperature.
Regional applicability
The findings are globally relevant but highlight a research bias towards Mediterranean and Antarctic regions with limited North American coverage. Application to United Kingdom ephemeral freshwater ecosystems (temporary ponds, seasonal streams, seasonal wetlands) would require assessment of whether UK-specific diatom communities and abiotic conditions align with the study patterns identified, and whether current UK freshwater biomonitoring protocols adequately incorporate ephemeral water assessment.
Key measures
Research frequency by ecosystem type (Intermittent Running Waters n=683, Temporary Small Waters n=239, Temporary Large Wetlands n=96); diatom taxonomic groups studied (epilithic 52%); altitude of study sites; abiotic parameters monitored (electrical conductivity 80%, pH 77%, water temperature 75%); sampling duration; geographical distribution of studies
Outcomes reported
A systematic review identifying research trends, methodological approaches, and the influence of abiotic factors on diatom assemblages in ephemeral waters across 48 peer-reviewed studies since 1982. The review classified ephemeral waters into three categories (Intermittent Running Waters, Temporary Large Wetlands, Temporary Small Waters) and documented geographical, altitudinal and taxonomic patterns in diatom biomonitoring research.
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