Summary
This systematic review synthesised epidemiological evidence from 30 studies examining cruciferous vegetable intake and lung cancer risk, finding a modest inverse association (22% lower risk in case-control studies, 17% in cohort studies). The analysis revealed a notable gene–diet interaction: individuals with homozygous deletions of both GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes showed substantially greater lung cancer risk reduction (59% lower) with high cruciferous vegetable consumption, suggesting genetic variation in isothiocyanate metabolism may modify the protective effect.
Regional applicability
The review drew on international epidemiological literature (no language restrictions) through December 2007, making findings broadly applicable to United Kingdom populations. However, the evidence base comprises mostly North American and European case-control studies; UK-specific dietary and genetic data would strengthen applicability to NHS prevention guidance.
Key measures
Pooled odds ratios and relative risks for lung cancer in highest versus lowest categories of cruciferous vegetable intake; stratified analysis by GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotype status
Outcomes reported
The study systematically reviewed epidemiological evidence for the association between cruciferous vegetable intake and lung cancer risk, with emphasis on potential gene–diet interactions with GSTM1 and GSTT1 variants. It pooled results from 30 studies (18 cohort and 23 case-control) to estimate overall and stratified risk estimates.
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