Summary
This narrative review evaluates emerging biodiversity monitoring technologies against the specific requirements of biodiversity credit schemes operating under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. The authors assess eDNA metabarcoding, passive acoustic monitoring, and remote sensing against SAGED criteria (Scalable, Accessible, Granular, Evidenceable, Directly measured), concluding that whilst technological solutions are essential for scaled monitoring, they are not yet a panacea and should be combined with ground validation and traditional ecological surveys in current biocredit applications.
Regional applicability
The framework and technological assessment are globally applicable and directly relevant to United Kingdom biodiversity policy and emerging biocredit schemes. UK conservation practitioners and policymakers implementing nature accounting or biodiversity credit systems would benefit from the SAGED criteria and the guidance on combining technological monitoring with ground truthing.
Key measures
Assessment of monitoring technology readiness against SAGED criteria; suitability of eDNA metabarcoding, passive acoustic monitoring, and remote sensing methods for biodiversity credit verification; spatial, taxonomic and temporal resolution of monitoring approaches
Outcomes reported
The study assessed the readiness of biodiversity monitoring technologies (eDNA metabarcoding, passive acoustic monitoring, remote sensing) to meet SAGED criteria (Scalable, Accessible, Granular, Evidenceable, Directly measured) for biodiversity credit methodologies. It evaluated current technological limits and identified needs for ground validation and human-collected data to complement technological solutions.
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