Summary
Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) is an improved cultivation system that promotes plant development by optimizing environmental factors such as carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and light intensity. This study considered the interactive effects of enhanced levels of CO2 (400-1000 ppm) and varying light intensities (200-600 µmol/m2/s) on growth characters, yield, and nutritional composition of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Under hydroponics conditions, a factorial experiment was conducted in a climate-controlled greenhouse and plant physiological responses, productivity, and fruit quality were assessed. Higher level of CO2 and light significantly increased plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, and yield. The highest yield (6.86 kg/plant) was recorded at
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