Pulse Brain · Growing Health Evidence Index
Tier 3 — Observational / field trialPeer-reviewed

Maternal iron deficiency remodels cardiac mitochondria and alters stress responses in hypertensive pregnancy

Rachid, J.-J. R.; Holody, C. D.; Liu, S. N.; Roshmi, R. R.; Badhan, N. S.; Wong, A.; Wiedemeyer, A. R.; Vu, J.; Khodabocus, I.; Lemieux, H.; Bourque, S. L.

bioRxiv · 2026

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Summary

This experimental study investigated how maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy alters cardiac mitochondrial structure and function in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive pregnant rats. Iron restriction caused marked remodelling of myocardial mitochondria, including enlarged morphology with disrupted cristae and selective reductions in iron-dependent respiration, alongside altered expression of fusion, fission, and autophagy-related proteins. Despite these substantial mitochondrial alterations, markers of oxidative damage and apoptosis remained unchanged, suggesting that favourable haemodynamic adaptations in hypertensive pregnancy may coexist with underlying bioenergetic constraints in the maternal heart.

Regional applicability

This is a laboratory-based animal study (rat model) and does not directly reflect United Kingdom clinical practice or policy. However, the findings are relevant to maternal nutrition policy and clinical management of iron deficiency in hypertensive pregnancy, suggesting that iron supplementation effects on blood pressure alone may not capture important mitochondrial consequences; transferability to human pregnancy would require clinical validation.

Key measures

Hemoglobin levels, mitochondrial ultrastructure (TEM), oxidative phosphorylation respiration (high-resolution respirometry), mitochondrial fusion and fission protein expression (L-OPA1:S-OPA1 ratio, MFN1, MFN2, DRP1 phosphorylation), autophagy markers (LC3-II:I ratio, BNIP3, PINK1, Parkin, p62), antioxidant gene expression (RT-qPCR), oxidative damage markers, apoptosis markers

Outcomes reported

The study examined how maternal iron restriction affects cardiac mitochondrial ultrastructure, respiration, dynamics, and redox status in pregnant rats. Maternal iron deficiency induced mitochondrial remodelling with reduced cristae architecture and impaired iron-dependent respiration, despite previously observed improvements in blood pressure and cardiac efficiency.

Theme
Nutrition & health
Subject
Maternal, infant & child nutrition
Study type
Research
Study design
Experimental animal study (controlled diet intervention in pregnant rats)
Source type
Peer-reviewed study
Status
Preprint
Geography
United Kingdom
System type
Human clinical
DOI
10.64898/2026.05.12.724698
Catalogue ID
IRmpspqklw-0082d5

Topic tags

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