Potential and challenges of tannins as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics for farm animal production

Summary

This narrative review examines tannins—polyphenolic plant compounds—as potential natural alternatives to in-feed antibiotics in livestock farming. Tannins demonstrate multiple biological activities including antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. The review highlights established applications in ruminant nutrition (reducing rumen protein degradation and controlling bloat and parasites) and emerging evidence that certain tannin applications improve gut health and productive performance in monogastric animals and poultry, though efficacy varies substantially depending on tannin type, dosage and application method.

Regional applicability

The review is globally applicable but does not report a specific geographic focus. UK livestock producers exploring antibiotic alternatives would find the mechanistic overview and species-specific applications (particularly for ruminants) relevant to national policy on antimicrobial stewardship; however, transferability depends on sourcing appropriate tannin-rich feedstuffs locally.

Key measures

Protein degradation in rumen, protein utilization efficiency, pasture bloat control, intestinal parasite load, pathogenic bacteria load, intestinal microbial ecosystem composition, productive performance

Outcomes reported

The review assessed tannins and other plant compounds as potential alternatives to in-feed antibiotics across ruminant and monogastric livestock. It examined mechanisms of action including antimicrobial, anti-parasitic, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, and applications in controlling rumen degradation, bloat, parasites and pathogenic bacteria.

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